Detailed Description

A class to calculate the atmosphere's parameters.

Author: Mathias Bavay

Date: 2010-06-10

#include <Atmosphere.h>

Static Public Member Functions
static double	gravity (const double &altitude, const double &latitude)
	Acceleration due to gravity. More...

static double	stdAirPressure (const double &altitude)
	Standard atmospheric pressure as a function of the altitude. This is based on the following formula (with h the altitude, P₀ and T₀ the standard sea level pressure and temperature, L the dry adiabatic lapse rate and R₀ the earth's radius): More...

static double	reducedAirPressure (const double &pressure, const double &altitude, const double &latitude)
	Atmospheric pressure reduced to sea level. This calculates the following formula (with P the pressure at altitude h, L the adiabatic lapse rate, and T₀ the standard sea level temperature, the air mol mass m, gravity g at height, and the gas constant R): More...

static double	stdDryAirDensity (const double &altitude, const double &temperature)
	Standard dry air pressure. More...

static double	vaporSaturationPressure (const double &T)
	Standard water vapor saturation pressure. See Murray, F. W., "On the computation of saturation vapor pressure", 1966, J. Appl. Meteor., 6, 203–204, doi: 10.1175/1520-0450(1967)006<0203:OTCOSV>2.0.CO;2. More...

static double	vaporSaturationPressureWater (const double &T)
	Standard water vapor saturation pressure, assuming "over water" for the full temperature range. See Murray, F. W., "On the computation of saturation vapor pressure", 1966, J. Appl. Meteor., 6, 203–204, doi: 10.1175/1520-0450(1967)006<0203:OTCOSV>2.0.CO;2. More...

static double	virtualTemperatureFactor (const double &e, const double &p)
	Virtual temperature multiplying factor. In order to get a virtual temperature, multiply the original temperature by this factor. Note: since e/p is actually used, both pressures only need to have the same units. More...

static double	waterVaporDensity (const double &Temperature, const double &VaporPressure)
	Calculates the water vapor density, for a given temperature and vapor pressure. More...

static double	wetBulbTemperature (const double &T, const double &RH, const double &altitude)
	Standard atmosphere wet bulb temperature. This gives the lowest temperature that could be reached by water evaporation. It is therefore linked to relative humidity. This implementation assumes a standard atmosphere for pressure and saturation pressure. More...

static double	blackGlobeTemperature (const double &TA, const double &RH, const double &VW, const double &iswr_dir, const double &iswr_diff, const double &cos_Z)
	Black Globe Temperature. This is an estimation of the black globe temperature based on physical modeling as in V. E. Dimiceli, S. F. Piltz and S. A. Amburn, "Estimation of Black Globe Temperature for Calculation of the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Index" in World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science, 2, 2011. More...

static double	windLogProfile (const double &v_ref, const double &z_ref, const double &z, const double &z0=0.03)
	Wind log profile. This is used to compute the equivalent wind speed at a different height. More...

static double	windChill (const double &TA, const double &VW)
	Wind chill temperature. This is an index aiming at expressing the human-percived feeling of air temperature on exposed skin due to wind. This is NOT a scientific measurement, only an index to express a subjective feeling. It is inapplicable above 10 Celsius and a few m/s wind (5 m/s used here), therefore returning air temperature. More...

static double	heatIndex (const double &TA, const double &RH)
	Heat index. This is an index aiming at expressing the human-perceived air temperature due to humidity. This is NOT a scientific measurement, only an index to express a subjective feeling. It is inapplicable below 26.7 Celsius and below 40% humidity, therefore returning air temperature. More...

static double	WBGT_index (const double &TA, const double &RH, const double &VW, const double &iswr_dir, const double &iswr_diff, const double &cos_Z, const double &altitude)
	Wet Bulb Globe Temperature index. This is an index aiming at expressing the human-perceived air temperature due to humidity, wind and radiation. This is the foundation of ISO 7243 and is widely used for physical activity safety evaluation (for example for physical training). More...

static double	Brutsaert_emissivity (const double &RH, const double &TA)
	Evaluate the atmosphere emissivity for clear sky. This uses the formula from Brutsaert – "On a Derivable Formula for Long-Wave Radiation From Clear Skies", Journal of Water Resources Research, 11, No. 5, October 1975, pp 742-744. Alternative: Satterlund (1979): Water Resources Research, 15, 1649-1650. More...

static double	Brutsaert_ilwr (const double &RH, const double &TA)
	Evaluate the long wave radiation for clear sky. This uses the formula from Brutsaert – "On a Derivable Formula for Long-Wave Radiation From Clear Skies", Journal of Water Resources Research, 11, No. 5, October 1975, pp 742-744. Alternative: Satterlund (1979): Water Resources Research, 15, 1649-1650. More...

static double	Dilley_emissivity (const double &RH, const double &TA)
	Evaluate the atmosphere emissivity for clear sky. This uses the formula from Dilley and O'Brien – "Estimating downward clear sky long-wave irradiance at the surface from screen temperature and precipitable water", Q. J. R. Meteorolo. Soc., 124, 1998, pp 1391-1401. The long wave is computed and the ratio of this long wave to a black body emission gives an emissivity. More...

static double	Dilley_ilwr (const double &RH, const double &TA)
	Evaluate the long wave radiation for clear sky. This uses the formula from Dilley and O'Brien – "Estimating downward clear sky long-wave irradiance at the surface from screen temperature and precipitable water", Q. J. R. Meteorolo. Soc., 124, 1998, pp 1391-1401. More...

static double	Prata_emissivity (const double &RH, const double &TA)
	Evaluate the atmosphere emissivity for clear sky. This uses the formula from Prata – "A new long-wave formula for estimating downward clear-sky radiation at the surface", Q. J. R. Meteorolo. Soc., 122, 1996, pp 1127-1151. More...

static double	Prata_ilwr (const double &RH, const double &TA)
	Evaluate the long wave radiation for clear sky. This uses the formula from Prata – "A new long-wave formula for estimating downward clear-sky radiation at the surface", Q. J. R. Meteorolo. Soc., 122, 1996, pp 1127-1151. More...

static double	Clark_emissivity (const double &RH, const double &TA)
	Evaluate the atmosphere emissivity for clear sky. This uses the formula from Clark & Allen – "The estimation of atmospheric radiation for clear and cloudy skies", Proceedings of the second national passive solar conference, 2, 1978, p 676. More...

static double	Clark_ilwr (const double &RH, const double &TA)
	Evaluate the long wave radiation for clear sky. This uses the formula from Clark & Allen – "The estimation of atmospheric radiation for clear and cloudy skies", Proceedings of the second national passive solar conference, 2, 1978, p 676. More...

static double	Tang_emissivity (const double &RH, const double &TA)
	Evaluate the atmosphere emissivity for clear sky. This uses the formula from Tang, Etzion and Meir – "Estimates of clear night sky emissivity in the Negev Highlands, Israel", Energy Conversion and Management, 45.11, 2004, pp 1831-1843. More...

static double	Tang_ilwr (const double &RH, const double &TA)
	Evaluate the long wave radiation for clear sky. This uses the formula from Tang, Etzion and Meir – "Estimates of clear night sky emissivity in the Negev Highlands, Israel", Energy Conversion and Management, 45.11, 2004, pp 1831-1843. More...

static double	Idso_emissivity (const double &RH, const double &TA)
	Evaluate the atmosphere emissivity for clear sky. This uses the formula from Idso – "A set of equations for full spectrum and 8 to 14 um and 10.5 to 12.5 um thermal radiation from cloudless skies", Water Resources Research, 17, 1981, pp 295-304. More...

static double	Idso_ilwr (const double &RH, const double &TA)
	Evaluate the long wave radiation for clear sky. This uses the formula from Idso – "A set of equations for full spectrum and 8 to 14 um and 10.5 to 12.5 um thermal radiation from cloudless skies", Water Resources Research, 17, 1981, pp 295-304. More...

static double	Omstedt_emissivity (const double &RH, const double &TA, const double &cloudiness)
	Evaluate the atmosphere emissivity from the water vapor pressure and cloudiness. This is according to A. Omstedt, "A coupled one-dimensional sea ice-ocean model applied to a semi-enclosed basin", Tellus, 42 A, 568-582, 1990, DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0870.1990.t01-3-00007.x. More...

static double	Omstedt_ilwr (const double &RH, const double &TA, const double &cloudiness)
	Evaluate the long wave radiation from RH, TA and cloudiness. This is according to A. Omstedt, "A coupled one-dimensional sea ice-ocean model applied to a semi-enclosed basin", Tellus, 42 A, 568-582, 1990, DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0870.1990.t01-3-00007.x. More...

static double	Konzelmann_emissivity (const double &RH, const double &TA, const double &cloudiness)
	Evaluate the atmosphere emissivity from the water vapor pressure and cloudiness. This is according to Konzelmann, Thomas, et al. "Parameterization of global and longwave incoming radiation for the Greenland Ice Sheet." Global and Planetary change 9.1 (1994): 143-164. More...

static double	Konzelmann_ilwr (const double &RH, const double &TA, const double &cloudiness)
	Evaluate the long wave radiation from RH, TA and cloudiness. This is according to Konzelmann, Thomas, et al. "Parameterization of global and longwave incoming radiation for the Greenland Ice Sheet." Global and Planetary change 9.1 (1994): 143-164. More...

static double	Carmona_emissivity (const double &RH, const double &TA, const double &cloudiness)
	Evaluate the atmosphere emissivity from RH, TA and cloudiness. This is according to Carmona, Rivas, and Caselles. "Estimation of daytime downward longwave radiation under clear and cloudy skies conditions over a sub-humid region." Theoretical and applied climatology 115.1-2 (2014): 281-295. Here the second variant (MLRM-2) is implemented. More...

static double	Carmona_ilwr (const double &RH, const double &TA, const double &cloudiness)
	Evaluate the long wave radiation from RH, TA and cloudiness. This is according to Carmona, Rivas, and Caselles. "Estimation of daytime downward longwave radiation under clear and cloudy skies conditions over a sub-humid region." Theoretical and applied climatology 115.1-2 (2014): 281-295. Here the second variant (MLRM-2) is implemented. More...

static double	Crawford_ilwr (const double &RH, const double &TA, const double &iswr_meas, const double &iswr_clear_sky, const unsigned char &month, const double &cloudiness=IOUtils::nodata)
	Evaluate the long wave radiation for clear or cloudy sky. This uses the formula from Crawford and Duchon – "An Improved Parametrization for Estimating Effective Atmospheric Emissivity for Use in Calculating Daytime Downwelling Longwave Radiation", Journal of Applied Meteorology, 38, 1999, pp 474-480. If no cloud cover fraction is provided, a parametrization using iswr_meas and iswr_clear_sky will be used (same as in Lhomme et al., 2007). These parameters can therefore safely be set to IOUtils::nodata if cloudiness is provided. More...

static double	Crawford_ilwr (const double &lat, const double &lon, const double &altitude, const double &julian, const double &TZ, const double &RH, const double &TA, const double &ISWR, const double &cloudiness=IOUtils::nodata)
	Evaluate the long wave radiation for clear or cloudy sky. This uses the formula from Crawford and Duchon – "An Improved Parametrization for Estimating Effective Atmospheric Emissivity for Use in Calculating Daytime Downwelling Longwave Radiation", Journal of Applied Meteorology, 38, 1999, pp 474-480. If no cloud cover fraction is provided, a parametrization using the current location (lat, lon, altitude) and ISWR will be used. These parameters can therefore safely be set to IOUtils::nodata if cloudiness is provided. More...

static double	Unsworth_ilwr (const double &RH, const double &TA, const double &iswr_meas, const double &iswr_clear_sky, const double &cloudiness=IOUtils::nodata)
	Evaluate the long wave radiation for clear or cloudy sky. This uses the formula from Unsworth and Monteith – "Long-wave radiation at the ground", Q. J. R. Meteorolo. Soc., Vol. 101, 1975, pp 13-24 coupled with a clear sky emissivity following Dilley, 1998. If no cloud cover fraction is provided, a parametrization (solar index according to Kasten and Czeplak (1980)) using iswr_meas and iswr_clear_sky will be used. These parameters can therefore safely be set to IOUtils::nodata if cloudiness is provided. More...

static double	Unsworth_ilwr (const double &lat, const double &lon, const double &altitude, const double &julian, const double &TZ, const double &RH, const double &TA, const double &ISWR, const double &cloudiness=IOUtils::nodata)
	Evaluate the long wave radiation for clear or cloudy sky. This uses the formula from Unsworth and Monteith – "Long-wave radiation at the ground", Q. J. R. Meteorolo. Soc., Vol. 101, 1975, pp 13-24 coupled with a clear sky emissivity following Dilley, 1998. If no cloud cover fraction is provided, a parametrization (according to Kasten and Czeplak (1980)) using the current location (lat, lon, altitude) and ISWR will be used. These parameters can therefore safely be set to IOUtils::nodata if cloudiness is provided. More...

static double	Lhomme_ilwr (const double &RH, const double &TA, const double &iswr_meas, const double &iswr_clear_sky, const double &cloudiness)
	Evaluate the long wave radiation for clear or cloudy sky. This uses the formula from Lhomme et al. – "Estimating downward long-wave radiation on the Andean Altiplano", Agric. For. Meteorol., 145, 2007, pp 139–148, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.04.007. If no cloud cover fraction is provided, a parametrization using iswr_meas and iswr_clear_sky will be used. These parameters can therefore safely be set to IOUtils::nodata if cloudiness is provided. More...

static double	Lhomme_ilwr (const double &lat, const double &lon, const double &altitude, const double &julian, const double &TZ, const double &RH, const double &TA, const double &ISWR, const double &cloudiness=IOUtils::nodata)
	Evaluate the long wave radiation for clear or cloudy sky. This uses the formula from Lhomme et al. – "Estimating downward long-wave radiation on the Andean Altiplano", Agric. For. Meteorol., 145, 2007, pp 139–148, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.04.007. If no cloud cover fraction is provided, a parametrization using the current location (lat, lon, altitude) and ISWR will be used. These parameters can therefore safely be set to IOUtils::nodata if cloudiness is provided. More...

static double	Kasten_clearness (const double &cloudiness)
	Evaluate the solar clearness index for a given cloudiness. This uses the formula from Kasten and Czeplak – "Solar and terrestrial radiation dependent on the amount and type of cloud", Sol. Energy, 24, 1980, pp 177-189. The solar index is defined as measured radiation / clear sky radiation, values outside of [0;1] will be truncated to [0;1]. More...

static double	Kasten_cloudiness (const double &solarIndex)
	Evaluate the cloudiness from a given solar index. This uses the formula from Kasten and Czeplak – "Solar and terrestrial radiation dependent on the amount and type of cloud", Sol. Energy, 24, 1980, pp 177-189. The solar index is defined as measured radiation / clear sky radiation, values outside of [0;1] will be truncated to [0;1]. More...

static double	Lhomme_clearness (const double &cloudiness)
	Evaluate the solar clearness index for a given cloudiness. This uses the formula from Lhomme et al. – "Estimating downward long-wave radiation on the Andean Altiplano", Agric. For. Meteorol., 145, 2007, pp 139–148, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.04.007. The solar index is defined as measured radiation / clear sky radiation, values outside of [0;1] will be truncated to [0;1]. More...

static double	Lhomme_cloudiness (const double &solarIndex)
	Evaluate the cloudiness from a given solar index. This uses the formula from Lhomme et al. – "Estimating downward long-wave radiation on the Andean Altiplano", Agric. For. Meteorol., 145, 2007, pp 139–148, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.04.007. The solar index is defined as measured radiation / clear sky radiation, values outside of [0;1] will be truncated to [0;1]. More...

static double	ILWR_parametrized (const double &lat, const double &lon, const double &altitude, const double &julian, const double &TZ, const double &RH, const double &TA, const double &ISWR, const double &cloudiness=IOUtils::nodata)
	Compute a parametrized Incoming Long Wave Radiation This uses either Atmosphere::Crawford_ilwr or Atmosphere::Omstedt_ilwr or Atmosphere::Brutsaert_ilwr depending on which parameters are available. More...

static double	RhtoDewPoint (double RH, double TA, const bool &force_water)
	Convert a relative humidity to a dew point temperature. More...

static double	DewPointtoRh (double TD, double TA, const bool &force_water)
	Convert a dew point temperature to a relative humidity. More...

static double	specToRelHumidity (const double &altitude, const double &TA, const double &qi)
	Calculate the relative Humidity (RH) from specific humidity. More...

static double	relToSpecHumidity (const double &altitude, const double &TA, const double &RH)
	Calculate the specific Humidity from relative humidity (RH). More...

static double	blkBody_Emissivity (const double &lwr, const double &T)
	Calculate the black body emissivity. More...

static double	blkBody_Radiation (const double &ea, const double &T)
	Calculates the black body long wave radiation knowing its emissivity. More...

Static Public Attributes
static const double	day_iswr_thresh = 5.

Member Function Documentation

◆ blackGlobeTemperature()

double mio::Atmosphere::blackGlobeTemperature	(	const double &	TA,
		const double &	RH,
		const double &	VW,
		const double &	iswr_dir,
		const double &	iswr_diff,
		const double &	cos_Z
	)

static

Black Globe Temperature. This is an estimation of the black globe temperature based on physical modeling as in V. E. Dimiceli, S. F. Piltz and S. A. Amburn, "Estimation of Black Globe Temperature for Calculation of the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Index" in World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science, 2, 2011.

Note: the h parameter is implemented with a fixed value and this has a very large influence...

Parameters

TA	air temperature (K)
RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)
VW	wind velocity (m/s)
iswr_dir	direct solar SW radiation (W/m^2)
iswr_diff	diffuse solar SW radiation (W/m^2)
cos_Z	cosinus of the solar zenith angle

Returns: black globe temperature (K)

◆ blkBody_Emissivity()

double mio::Atmosphere::blkBody_Emissivity	(	const double &	lwr,
		const double &	T
	)

static

Calculate the black body emissivity.

Parameters

lwr	longwave radiation emitted by the body (W m-2)
T	surface temperature of the body (K)

Returns: black body emissivity (0-1)

◆ blkBody_Radiation()

double mio::Atmosphere::blkBody_Radiation	(	const double &	ea,
		const double &	T
	)

static

Calculates the black body long wave radiation knowing its emissivity.

Parameters

ea	emissivity of the body (0-1)
T	surface temperature of the body (K)

Returns: black body radiation (W/m^2)

◆ Brutsaert_emissivity()

double mio::Atmosphere::Brutsaert_emissivity	(	const double &	RH,
		const double &	TA
	)

static

Evaluate the atmosphere emissivity for clear sky. This uses the formula from Brutsaert – "On a Derivable Formula for Long-Wave Radiation From Clear Skies", Journal of Water Resources Research, 11, No. 5, October 1975, pp 742-744. Alternative: Satterlund (1979): Water Resources Research, 15, 1649-1650.

Parameters

RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)
TA	Air temperature (K)

Returns: clear sky emissivity

◆ Brutsaert_ilwr()

double mio::Atmosphere::Brutsaert_ilwr	(	const double &	RH,
		const double &	TA
	)

static

Evaluate the long wave radiation for clear sky. This uses the formula from Brutsaert – "On a Derivable Formula for Long-Wave Radiation From Clear Skies", Journal of Water Resources Research, 11, No. 5, October 1975, pp 742-744. Alternative: Satterlund (1979): Water Resources Research, 15, 1649-1650.

Parameters

RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)
TA	Air temperature (K)

Returns: long wave radiation (W/m^2)

◆ Carmona_emissivity()

double mio::Atmosphere::Carmona_emissivity	(	const double &	RH,
		const double &	TA,
		const double &	cloudiness
	)

static

Evaluate the atmosphere emissivity from RH, TA and cloudiness. This is according to Carmona, Rivas, and Caselles. "Estimation of daytime downward longwave radiation under clear and cloudy skies conditions over a sub-humid region." Theoretical and applied climatology 115.1-2 (2014): 281-295. Here the second variant (MLRM-2) is implemented.

Parameters

RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)
TA	air temperature (K)
cloudiness	1 - ratio of measured ISWR over potential ISWR (between 0 and 1, 0 being clear sky)

Returns: emissivity (between 0 and 1)

◆ Carmona_ilwr()

double mio::Atmosphere::Carmona_ilwr	(	const double &	RH,
		const double &	TA,
		const double &	cloudiness
	)

static

Evaluate the long wave radiation from RH, TA and cloudiness. This is according to Carmona, Rivas, and Caselles. "Estimation of daytime downward longwave radiation under clear and cloudy skies conditions over a sub-humid region." Theoretical and applied climatology 115.1-2 (2014): 281-295. Here the second variant (MLRM-2) is implemented.

Parameters

RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)
TA	air temperature (K)
cloudiness	1 - ratio of measured ISWR over potential ISWR (between 0 and 1, 0 being clear sky)

Returns: long wave radiation (W/m^2)

◆ Clark_emissivity()

double mio::Atmosphere::Clark_emissivity	(	const double &	RH,
		const double &	TA
	)

static

Evaluate the atmosphere emissivity for clear sky. This uses the formula from Clark & Allen – "The estimation of atmospheric radiation for clear and cloudy skies", Proceedings of the second national passive solar conference, 2, 1978, p 676.

Parameters

RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)
TA	near surface air temperature (K)

Returns: clear sky emissivity

◆ Clark_ilwr()

double mio::Atmosphere::Clark_ilwr	(	const double &	RH,
		const double &	TA
	)

static

Evaluate the long wave radiation for clear sky. This uses the formula from Clark & Allen – "The estimation of atmospheric radiation for clear and cloudy skies", Proceedings of the second national passive solar conference, 2, 1978, p 676.

Parameters

RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)
TA	near surface air temperature (K)

Returns: long wave radiation (W/m^2)

◆ Crawford_ilwr() [1/2]

double mio::Atmosphere::Crawford_ilwr	(	const double &	lat,
		const double &	lon,
		const double &	altitude,
		const double &	julian,
		const double &	TZ,
		const double &	RH,
		const double &	TA,
		const double &	ISWR,
		const double &	cloudiness = `IOUtils::nodata`
	)

static

Evaluate the long wave radiation for clear or cloudy sky. This uses the formula from Crawford and Duchon – "An Improved Parametrization for Estimating Effective Atmospheric Emissivity for Use in Calculating Daytime Downwelling Longwave Radiation", Journal of Applied Meteorology, 38, 1999, pp 474-480. If no cloud cover fraction is provided, a parametrization using the current location (lat, lon, altitude) and ISWR will be used. These parameters can therefore safely be set to IOUtils::nodata if cloudiness is provided.

Parameters

lat	latitude of the point of observation
lon	longitude of the point of observation
altitude	altitude of the point of observation
julian	julian date at the point of observation
TZ	time zone at the point of observation
RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)
TA	Air temperature (K)
ISWR	Measured Incoming Short Wave Radiation (W/m^2)
cloudiness	Cloud cover fraction (between 0 and 1, optional)

Returns: long wave radiation (W/m^2) or IOUtils::nodata at night time Please note that this call might NOT be efficient for processing large amounts of points, since it internally builds complex objects at every call. You might want to copy/paste its code in order to process data in bulk.

◆ Crawford_ilwr() [2/2]

double mio::Atmosphere::Crawford_ilwr	(	const double &	RH,
		const double &	TA,
		const double &	iswr_meas,
		const double &	iswr_clear_sky,
		const unsigned char &	month,
		const double &	cloudiness = `IOUtils::nodata`
	)

static

Evaluate the long wave radiation for clear or cloudy sky. This uses the formula from Crawford and Duchon – "An Improved Parametrization for Estimating Effective Atmospheric Emissivity for Use in Calculating Daytime Downwelling Longwave Radiation", Journal of Applied Meteorology, 38, 1999, pp 474-480. If no cloud cover fraction is provided, a parametrization using iswr_meas and iswr_clear_sky will be used (same as in Lhomme et al., 2007). These parameters can therefore safely be set to IOUtils::nodata if cloudiness is provided.

Parameters

RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)
TA	Air temperature (K)
iswr_meas	Measured Incoming Short Wave Radiation (W/m^2)
iswr_clear_sky	Clear Sky Modelled Incoming Short Wave Radiation (W/m^2)
month	current month (1-12, for a sinusoidal variation of the leading coefficients)
cloudiness	Cloud cover fraction (between 0 and 1, optional)

Returns: long wave radiation (W/m^2) or IOUtils::nodata at night time

◆ DewPointtoRh()

double mio::Atmosphere::DewPointtoRh	(	double	TD,
		double	TA,
		const bool &	force_water
	)

static

Convert a dew point temperature to a relative humidity.

Parameters

TD	dew point temperature (K)
TA	air temperature (K)
force_water	if set to true, compute over water. Otherwise, a smooth transition between over ice and over water is computed.

Returns: relative humidity between 0 and 1

◆ Dilley_emissivity()

double mio::Atmosphere::Dilley_emissivity	(	const double &	RH,
		const double &	TA
	)

static

Evaluate the atmosphere emissivity for clear sky. This uses the formula from Dilley and O'Brien – "Estimating downward clear sky long-wave irradiance at the surface from screen temperature and precipitable water", Q. J. R. Meteorolo. Soc., 124, 1998, pp 1391-1401. The long wave is computed and the ratio of this long wave to a black body emission gives an emissivity.

Parameters

RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)
TA	near surface air temperature (K)

Returns: clear sky emissivity

◆ Dilley_ilwr()

double mio::Atmosphere::Dilley_ilwr	(	const double &	RH,
		const double &	TA
	)

static

Evaluate the long wave radiation for clear sky. This uses the formula from Dilley and O'Brien – "Estimating downward clear sky long-wave irradiance at the surface from screen temperature and precipitable water", Q. J. R. Meteorolo. Soc., 124, 1998, pp 1391-1401.

Parameters

RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)
TA	near surface air temperature (K)

Returns: long wave radiation (W/m^2)

◆ gravity()

double mio::Atmosphere::gravity	(	const double &	altitude,
		const double &	latitude
	)

static

Acceleration due to gravity.

Parameters

altitude	altitude above sea level (m)
latitude	latitude in degrees

Returns: acceleration due to gravity (m/s2)

◆ heatIndex()

double mio::Atmosphere::heatIndex	(	const double &	TA,
		const double &	RH
	)

static

Heat index. This is an index aiming at expressing the human-perceived air temperature due to humidity. This is NOT a scientific measurement, only an index to express a subjective feeling. It is inapplicable below 26.7 Celsius and below 40% humidity, therefore returning air temperature.

Parameters

TA	air temperature (K)
RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)

Returns: Heat index (K)

◆ Idso_emissivity()

double mio::Atmosphere::Idso_emissivity	(	const double &	RH,
		const double &	TA
	)

static

Evaluate the atmosphere emissivity for clear sky. This uses the formula from Idso – "A set of equations for full spectrum and 8 to 14 um and 10.5 to 12.5 um thermal radiation from cloudless skies", Water Resources Research, 17, 1981, pp 295-304.

Parameters

RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)
TA	near surface air temperature (K)

Returns: clear sky emissivity

◆ Idso_ilwr()

double mio::Atmosphere::Idso_ilwr	(	const double &	RH,
		const double &	TA
	)

static

Evaluate the long wave radiation for clear sky. This uses the formula from Idso – "A set of equations for full spectrum and 8 to 14 um and 10.5 to 12.5 um thermal radiation from cloudless skies", Water Resources Research, 17, 1981, pp 295-304.

Parameters

RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)
TA	near surface air temperature (K)

Returns: long wave radiation (W/m^2)

◆ ILWR_parametrized()

double mio::Atmosphere::ILWR_parametrized	(	const double &	lat,
		const double &	lon,
		const double &	altitude,
		const double &	julian,
		const double &	TZ,
		const double &	RH,
		const double &	TA,
		const double &	ISWR,
		const double &	cloudiness = `IOUtils::nodata`
	)

static

Compute a parametrized Incoming Long Wave Radiation This uses either Atmosphere::Crawford_ilwr or Atmosphere::Omstedt_ilwr or Atmosphere::Brutsaert_ilwr depending on which parameters are available.

Parameters

lat	latitude of the point of observation
lon	longitude of the point of observation
altitude	altitude of the point of observation
julian	julian date at the point of observation
TZ	time zone at the point of observation
RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)
TA	Air temperature (K)
ISWR	Measured Incoming Short Wave Radiation (W/m^2)
cloudiness	fractional cloud cover (between 0 and 1, optional. If provided, it will have the priority)

Returns: long wave radiation (W/m^2) or IOUtils::nodata

◆ Kasten_clearness()

double mio::Atmosphere::Kasten_clearness ( const double & cloudiness )

static

Evaluate the solar clearness index for a given cloudiness. This uses the formula from Kasten and Czeplak – "Solar and terrestrial radiation dependent on the amount and type of cloud", Sol. Energy, 24, 1980, pp 177-189. The solar index is defined as measured radiation / clear sky radiation, values outside of [0;1] will be truncated to [0;1].

Parameters

cloudiness in okta, between 0 and 1

Returns: solar clearness index

◆ Kasten_cloudiness()

double mio::Atmosphere::Kasten_cloudiness ( const double & solarIndex )

static

Evaluate the cloudiness from a given solar index. This uses the formula from Kasten and Czeplak – "Solar and terrestrial radiation dependent on the amount and type of cloud", Sol. Energy, 24, 1980, pp 177-189. The solar index is defined as measured radiation / clear sky radiation, values outside of [0;1] will be truncated to [0;1].

Parameters

solarIndex solar index

Returns: cloudiness (in okta, between 0 and 1)

◆ Konzelmann_emissivity()

double mio::Atmosphere::Konzelmann_emissivity	(	const double &	RH,
		const double &	TA,
		const double &	cloudiness
	)

static

Evaluate the atmosphere emissivity from the water vapor pressure and cloudiness. This is according to Konzelmann, Thomas, et al. "Parameterization of global and longwave incoming radiation for the Greenland Ice Sheet." Global and Planetary change 9.1 (1994): 143-164.

Parameters

RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)
TA	air temperature (K)
cloudiness	cloudiness (between 0 and 1, 0 being clear sky)

Returns: emissivity (between 0 and 1)

◆ Konzelmann_ilwr()

double mio::Atmosphere::Konzelmann_ilwr	(	const double &	RH,
		const double &	TA,
		const double &	cloudiness
	)

static

Evaluate the long wave radiation from RH, TA and cloudiness. This is according to Konzelmann, Thomas, et al. "Parameterization of global and longwave incoming radiation for the Greenland Ice Sheet." Global and Planetary change 9.1 (1994): 143-164.

Parameters

RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)
TA	air temperature (K)
cloudiness	cloudiness (between 0 and 1, 0 being clear sky)

Returns: long wave radiation (W/m^2)

◆ Lhomme_clearness()

double mio::Atmosphere::Lhomme_clearness ( const double & cloudiness )

static

Evaluate the solar clearness index for a given cloudiness. This uses the formula from Lhomme et al. – "Estimating downward long-wave radiation on the Andean Altiplano", Agric. For. Meteorol., 145, 2007, pp 139–148, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.04.007. The solar index is defined as measured radiation / clear sky radiation, values outside of [0;1] will be truncated to [0;1].

Parameters

cloudiness in okta, between 0 and 1

Returns: solar clearness index

◆ Lhomme_cloudiness()

double mio::Atmosphere::Lhomme_cloudiness ( const double & solarIndex )

static

Evaluate the cloudiness from a given solar index. This uses the formula from Lhomme et al. – "Estimating downward long-wave radiation on the Andean Altiplano", Agric. For. Meteorol., 145, 2007, pp 139–148, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.04.007. The solar index is defined as measured radiation / clear sky radiation, values outside of [0;1] will be truncated to [0;1].

Parameters

solarIndex solar index

Returns: cloudiness (in okta, between 0 and 1)

◆ Lhomme_ilwr() [1/2]

double mio::Atmosphere::Lhomme_ilwr	(	const double &	lat,
		const double &	lon,
		const double &	altitude,
		const double &	julian,
		const double &	TZ,
		const double &	RH,
		const double &	TA,
		const double &	ISWR,
		const double &	cloudiness = `IOUtils::nodata`
	)

static

Evaluate the long wave radiation for clear or cloudy sky. This uses the formula from Lhomme et al. – "Estimating downward long-wave radiation on the Andean Altiplano", Agric. For. Meteorol., 145, 2007, pp 139–148, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.04.007. If no cloud cover fraction is provided, a parametrization using the current location (lat, lon, altitude) and ISWR will be used. These parameters can therefore safely be set to IOUtils::nodata if cloudiness is provided.

Parameters

lat	latitude of the point of observation
lon	longitude of the point of observation
altitude	altitude of the point of observation
julian	julian date at the point of observation
TZ	time zone at the point of observation
RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)
TA	Air temperature (K)
ISWR	Measured Incoming Short Wave Radiation (W/m^2)
cloudiness	Cloud cover fraction (between 0 and 1, optional)

Returns: long wave radiation (W/m^2) or IOUtils::nodata at night time Please note that this call might NOT be efficient for processing large amounts of points, since it internally builds complex objects at every call. You might want to copy/paste its code in order to process data in bulk.

◆ Lhomme_ilwr() [2/2]

double mio::Atmosphere::Lhomme_ilwr	(	const double &	RH,
		const double &	TA,
		const double &	iswr_meas,
		const double &	iswr_clear_sky,
		const double &	cloudiness
	)

static

Evaluate the long wave radiation for clear or cloudy sky. This uses the formula from Lhomme et al. – "Estimating downward long-wave radiation on the Andean Altiplano", Agric. For. Meteorol., 145, 2007, pp 139–148, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.04.007. If no cloud cover fraction is provided, a parametrization using iswr_meas and iswr_clear_sky will be used. These parameters can therefore safely be set to IOUtils::nodata if cloudiness is provided.

Parameters

RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)
TA	Air temperature (K)
iswr_meas	Measured Incoming Short Wave Radiation (W/m^2)
iswr_clear_sky	Clear Sky Modelled Incoming Short Wave Radiation (W/m^2)
cloudiness	Cloud cover fraction (between 0 and 1, optional)

Returns: long wave radiation (W/m^2) or IOUtils::nodata at night time

◆ Omstedt_emissivity()

double mio::Atmosphere::Omstedt_emissivity	(	const double &	RH,
		const double &	TA,
		const double &	cloudiness
	)

static

Evaluate the atmosphere emissivity from the water vapor pressure and cloudiness. This is according to A. Omstedt, "A coupled one-dimensional sea ice-ocean model applied to a semi-enclosed basin", Tellus, 42 A, 568-582, 1990, DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0870.1990.t01-3-00007.x.

Parameters

RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)
TA	air temperature (K)
cloudiness	cloudiness (between 0 and 1, 0 being clear sky)

Returns: emissivity (between 0 and 1)

◆ Omstedt_ilwr()

double mio::Atmosphere::Omstedt_ilwr	(	const double &	RH,
		const double &	TA,
		const double &	cloudiness
	)

static

Evaluate the long wave radiation from RH, TA and cloudiness. This is according to A. Omstedt, "A coupled one-dimensional sea ice-ocean model applied to a semi-enclosed basin", Tellus, 42 A, 568-582, 1990, DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0870.1990.t01-3-00007.x.

Parameters

RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)
TA	air temperature (K)
cloudiness	cloudiness (between 0 and 1, 0 being clear sky)

Returns: long wave radiation (W/m^2)

◆ Prata_emissivity()

double mio::Atmosphere::Prata_emissivity	(	const double &	RH,
		const double &	TA
	)

static

Evaluate the atmosphere emissivity for clear sky. This uses the formula from Prata – "A new long-wave formula for estimating downward clear-sky radiation at the surface", Q. J. R. Meteorolo. Soc., 122, 1996, pp 1127-1151.

Parameters

RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)
TA	near surface air temperature (K)

Returns: clear sky emissivity

◆ Prata_ilwr()

double mio::Atmosphere::Prata_ilwr	(	const double &	RH,
		const double &	TA
	)

static

Evaluate the long wave radiation for clear sky. This uses the formula from Prata – "A new long-wave formula for estimating downward clear-sky radiation at the surface", Q. J. R. Meteorolo. Soc., 122, 1996, pp 1127-1151.

Parameters

RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)
TA	near surface air temperature (K)

Returns: long wave radiation (W/m^2)

◆ reducedAirPressure()

double mio::Atmosphere::reducedAirPressure	(	const double &	pressure,
		const double &	altitude,
		const double &	latitude
	)

static

Atmospheric pressure reduced to sea level. This calculates the following formula (with P the pressure at altitude h, L the adiabatic lapse rate, and T₀ the standard sea level temperature, the air mol mass m, gravity g at height, and the gas constant R):

\[ P_0 = \frac{P}{(1-\frac{Lh}{T_0})^\frac{mg}{RL}} \]

With growing altitude the output is of little use to predict the pressure, but it can be used to baseline plots.

Parameters

pressure	Measured pressure at an altitude (Pa)
altitude	The station's altitude above sea level (m)
latitude	The station's latitude (degrees)

Returns: Reduced atmospheric pressure (Pa)

◆ relToSpecHumidity()

double mio::Atmosphere::relToSpecHumidity	(	const double &	altitude,
		const double &	TA,
		const double &	RH
	)

static

Calculate the specific Humidity from relative humidity (RH).

Parameters

altitude	altitude over sea level (m)
TA	air temperature (K)
RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)

Returns: specific humidity

◆ RhtoDewPoint()

double mio::Atmosphere::RhtoDewPoint	(	double	RH,
		double	TA,
		const bool &	force_water
	)

static

Convert a relative humidity to a dew point temperature.

Parameters

RH	relative humidity between 0 and 1
TA	air temperature (K)
force_water	if set to true, compute over water. Otherwise, a smooth transition between over ice and over water is computed.

Returns: dew point temperature (K)

◆ specToRelHumidity()

double mio::Atmosphere::specToRelHumidity	(	const double &	altitude,
		const double &	TA,
		const double &	qi
	)

static

Calculate the relative Humidity (RH) from specific humidity.

Parameters

altitude	altitude over sea level (m)
TA	air temperature (K)
qi	specific humidity between 0 and 1

Returns: relative humidity between 0 and 1

◆ stdAirPressure()

double mio::Atmosphere::stdAirPressure ( const double & altitude )

static

Standard atmospheric pressure as a function of the altitude. This is based on the following formula (with h the altitude, P₀ and T₀ the standard sea level pressure and temperature, L the dry adiabatic lapse rate and R₀ the earth's radius):

\[ P = P_0 \cdot {\left( 1 - \frac{L \cdot R_0 \cdot h}{T_0 ( R_0 + h )} \right)}^{\frac{g}{L R}} \]

Parameters

altitude altitude above sea level (m)

Returns: standard pressure (Pa)

◆ stdDryAirDensity()

double mio::Atmosphere::stdDryAirDensity	(	const double &	altitude,
		const double &	temperature
	)

static

Standard dry air pressure.

Parameters

altitude	altitude above sea level (m)
temperature	air temperature (K)

Returns: standard pressure (Pa)

◆ Tang_emissivity()

double mio::Atmosphere::Tang_emissivity	(	const double &	RH,
		const double &	TA
	)

static

Evaluate the atmosphere emissivity for clear sky. This uses the formula from Tang, Etzion and Meir – "Estimates of clear night sky emissivity in the Negev Highlands, Israel", Energy Conversion and Management, 45.11, 2004, pp 1831-1843.

Parameters

RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)
TA	near surface air temperature (K)

Returns: clear sky emissivity

◆ Tang_ilwr()

double mio::Atmosphere::Tang_ilwr	(	const double &	RH,
		const double &	TA
	)

static

Evaluate the long wave radiation for clear sky. This uses the formula from Tang, Etzion and Meir – "Estimates of clear night sky emissivity in the Negev Highlands, Israel", Energy Conversion and Management, 45.11, 2004, pp 1831-1843.

Parameters

RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)
TA	near surface air temperature (K)

Returns: long wave radiation (W/m^2)

◆ Unsworth_ilwr() [1/2]

double mio::Atmosphere::Unsworth_ilwr	(	const double &	lat,
		const double &	lon,
		const double &	altitude,
		const double &	julian,
		const double &	TZ,
		const double &	RH,
		const double &	TA,
		const double &	ISWR,
		const double &	cloudiness = `IOUtils::nodata`
	)

static

Evaluate the long wave radiation for clear or cloudy sky. This uses the formula from Unsworth and Monteith – "Long-wave radiation at the ground", Q. J. R. Meteorolo. Soc., Vol. 101, 1975, pp 13-24 coupled with a clear sky emissivity following Dilley, 1998. If no cloud cover fraction is provided, a parametrization (according to Kasten and Czeplak (1980)) using the current location (lat, lon, altitude) and ISWR will be used. These parameters can therefore safely be set to IOUtils::nodata if cloudiness is provided.

Parameters

lat	latitude of the point of observation
lon	longitude of the point of observation
altitude	altitude of the point of observation
julian	julian date at the point of observation
TZ	time zone at the point of observation
RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)
TA	Air temperature (K)
ISWR	Measured Incoming Short Wave Radiation (W/m^2)
cloudiness	Cloud cover fraction (between 0 and 1, optional)

Returns: long wave radiation (W/m^2) or IOUtils::nodata at night time Please note that this call might NOT be efficient for processing large amounts of points, since it internally builds complex objects at every call. You might want to copy/paste its code in order to process data in bulk.

◆ Unsworth_ilwr() [2/2]

double mio::Atmosphere::Unsworth_ilwr	(	const double &	RH,
		const double &	TA,
		const double &	iswr_meas,
		const double &	iswr_clear_sky,
		const double &	cloudiness = `IOUtils::nodata`
	)

static

Evaluate the long wave radiation for clear or cloudy sky. This uses the formula from Unsworth and Monteith – "Long-wave radiation at the ground", Q. J. R. Meteorolo. Soc., Vol. 101, 1975, pp 13-24 coupled with a clear sky emissivity following Dilley, 1998. If no cloud cover fraction is provided, a parametrization (solar index according to Kasten and Czeplak (1980)) using iswr_meas and iswr_clear_sky will be used. These parameters can therefore safely be set to IOUtils::nodata if cloudiness is provided.

Parameters

RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)
TA	Air temperature (K)
iswr_meas	Measured Incoming Short Wave Radiation (W/m^2)
iswr_clear_sky	Clear Sky Modelled Incoming Short Wave Radiation (W/m^2)
cloudiness	Cloud cover fraction (between 0 and 1, optional)

Returns: long wave radiation (W/m^2) or IOUtils::nodata at night time

◆ vaporSaturationPressure()

double mio::Atmosphere::vaporSaturationPressure ( const double & T )

static

Standard water vapor saturation pressure. See Murray, F. W., "On the computation of saturation vapor pressure", 1966, J. Appl. Meteor., 6, 203–204, doi: 10.1175/1520-0450(1967)006<0203:OTCOSV>2.0.CO;2.

Parameters

T	air temperature (K)

Returns: standard water vapor saturation pressure (Pa)

◆ vaporSaturationPressureWater()

double mio::Atmosphere::vaporSaturationPressureWater ( const double & T )

static

Standard water vapor saturation pressure, assuming "over water" for the full temperature range. See Murray, F. W., "On the computation of saturation vapor pressure", 1966, J. Appl. Meteor., 6, 203–204, doi: 10.1175/1520-0450(1967)006<0203:OTCOSV>2.0.CO;2.

Parameters

T	air temperature (K)

Returns: standard water vapor saturation pressure, assuming water surface (Pa)

◆ virtualTemperatureFactor()

double mio::Atmosphere::virtualTemperatureFactor	(	const double &	e,
		const double &	p
	)

static

Virtual temperature multiplying factor. In order to get a virtual temperature, multiply the original temperature by this factor. Note: since e/p is actually used, both pressures only need to have the same units.

Parameters

e	vapor pressure (Pa)
p	air pressure (Pa)

Returns: virtual temperature multiplying coefficient

◆ waterVaporDensity()

double mio::Atmosphere::waterVaporDensity	(	const double &	Temperature,
		const double &	VaporPressure
	)

static

Calculates the water vapor density, for a given temperature and vapor pressure.

Parameters

Temperature	air temperature (K)
VaporPressure	water vapor pressure (Pa)

Returns: water vapor density (kg/m^3)

◆ WBGT_index()

double mio::Atmosphere::WBGT_index	(	const double &	TA,
		const double &	RH,
		const double &	VW,
		const double &	iswr_dir,
		const double &	iswr_diff,
		const double &	cos_Z,
		const double &	altitude
	)

static

Wet Bulb Globe Temperature index. This is an index aiming at expressing the human-perceived air temperature due to humidity, wind and radiation. This is the foundation of ISO 7243 and is widely used for physical activity safety evaluation (for example for physical training).

Parameters

TA	air temperature (K)
RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)
VW	wind velocity (m/s)
iswr_dir	direct solar SW radiation (W/m^2)
iswr_diff	diffuse solar SW radiation (W/m^2)
cos_Z	cosinus of the solar zenith angle
altitude	altitude of the point where to perform the calculation

Returns: Heat index (K)

◆ wetBulbTemperature()

double mio::Atmosphere::wetBulbTemperature	(	const double &	TA,
		const double &	RH,
		const double &	altitude
	)

static

Standard atmosphere wet bulb temperature. This gives the lowest temperature that could be reached by water evaporation. It is therefore linked to relative humidity. This implementation assumes a standard atmosphere for pressure and saturation pressure.

Parameters

TA	air temperature (K)
RH	relative humidity (between 0 and 1)
altitude	altitude above sea level (m)

Returns: wet bulb temperature (K)

◆ windChill()

double mio::Atmosphere::windChill	(	const double &	TA,
		const double &	VW
	)

static

Wind chill temperature. This is an index aiming at expressing the human-percived feeling of air temperature on exposed skin due to wind. This is NOT a scientific measurement, only an index to express a subjective feeling. It is inapplicable above 10 Celsius and a few m/s wind (5 m/s used here), therefore returning air temperature.

Parameters

TA	air temperature (K)
VW	wind velocity (m/s)

Returns: wind chill temperature (K)

◆ windLogProfile()

double mio::Atmosphere::windLogProfile	(	const double &	v_ref,
		const double &	z_ref,
		const double &	z,
		const double &	z0 = `0.03`
	)

static

Wind log profile. This is used to compute the equivalent wind speed at a different height.

It depends on the roughness length that can take a default value (0.03) or any other, for example:

land class	roughness length
sea	0.0002
smooth	0.005
open	0.03
roughly open	0.10
rough	0.25
very rough	0.5
closed	1.0
chaotic	over 2.0

Parameters

v_ref	reference wind speed (m/s)
z_ref	height of the reference wind speed (m)
z	new height (m)
z0	roughness length (m)

Returns: wind speed at height z (m/s)

Member Data Documentation

◆ day_iswr_thresh

const double mio::Atmosphere::day_iswr_thresh = 5.

static

The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

Detailed Description

Static Public Member Functions

Static Public Attributes

Member Function Documentation

◆ blackGlobeTemperature()

◆ blkBody_Emissivity()

◆ blkBody_Radiation()

◆ Brutsaert_emissivity()

◆ Brutsaert_ilwr()

◆ Carmona_emissivity()

◆ Carmona_ilwr()

◆ Clark_emissivity()

◆ Clark_ilwr()

◆ Crawford_ilwr() [1/2]

◆ Crawford_ilwr() [2/2]

◆ DewPointtoRh()

◆ Dilley_emissivity()

◆ Dilley_ilwr()

◆ gravity()

◆ heatIndex()

◆ Idso_emissivity()

◆ Idso_ilwr()

◆ ILWR_parametrized()

◆ Kasten_clearness()

◆ Kasten_cloudiness()

◆ Konzelmann_emissivity()

◆ Konzelmann_ilwr()

◆ Lhomme_clearness()

◆ Lhomme_cloudiness()

◆ Lhomme_ilwr() [1/2]

◆ Lhomme_ilwr() [2/2]

◆ Omstedt_emissivity()

◆ Omstedt_ilwr()

◆ Prata_emissivity()

◆ Prata_ilwr()

◆ reducedAirPressure()

◆ relToSpecHumidity()

◆ RhtoDewPoint()

◆ specToRelHumidity()

◆ stdAirPressure()

◆ stdDryAirDensity()

◆ Tang_emissivity()

◆ Tang_ilwr()

◆ Unsworth_ilwr() [1/2]

◆ Unsworth_ilwr() [2/2]

◆ vaporSaturationPressure()

◆ vaporSaturationPressureWater()

◆ virtualTemperatureFactor()

◆ waterVaporDensity()

◆ WBGT_index()

◆ wetBulbTemperature()

◆ windChill()

◆ windLogProfile()

Member Data Documentation

◆ day_iswr_thresh